To examine whether Brazil’s proposed AI regulation promotes innovation and competitiveness in comparison with global regulatory models. Findings show that regulatory effectiveness depends on institutional capacity, implementation mechanisms, and policy alignment. Adaptive and sectoral models (e.g., UK, USA, Chile) better support innovation than prescriptive or fragmented frameworks. Brazil’s EU-inspired Bill 2338/2023 faces enforcement gaps, legislative overlaps, and uneven sandbox deployment, raising barriers for startups. Brazil’s attempt to replicate EU rules without corresponding capacity may hinder AI development. A hybrid, phased strategy combining legal convergence with institutional adaptation could enhance innovation and regulatory credibility in emerging markets.

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